Demonstration of polymorphism via "useValue" dependency injection **via Components** (works as expected)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

  <head>
    <base href="." />
    <title>angular playground</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" />
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/core-js@2.4.1/client/shim.min.js"></script>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/zone.js/dist/zone.js"></script>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/zone.js/dist/long-stack-trace-zone.js"></script>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/reflect-metadata@0.1.3/Reflect.js"></script>
    <script src="https://unpkg.com/systemjs@0.19.31/dist/system.js"></script>
    <script src="config.js"></script>
    <script>
    System.import('app')
      .catch(console.error.bind(console));
  </script>
  </head>

  <body>
    <my-app>
    loading...
  </my-app>
  </body>

</html>

/* Styles go here */

### Angular Starter Plunker - Typescript

System.config({
  //use typescript for compilation
  transpiler: 'typescript',
  //typescript compiler options
  typescriptOptions: {
    emitDecoratorMetadata: true
  },
  paths: {
    'npm:': 'https://unpkg.com/'
  },
  //map tells the System loader where to look for things
  map: {
    
    'app': './src',
    
    '@angular/core': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js',
    '@angular/common': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js',
    '@angular/compiler': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js',
    '@angular/platform-browser': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js',
    '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js',
    '@angular/http': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http.umd.js',
    '@angular/router': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router.umd.js',
    '@angular/forms': 'npm:@angular/forms/bundles/forms.umd.js',
    '@angular/animations': 'npm:@angular/animations/bundles/animations.umd.js',
    '@angular/platform-browser/animations': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser-animations.umd.js',
    '@angular/animations/browser': 'npm:@angular/animations/bundles/animations-browser.umd.js',
    
    '@angular/core/testing': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core-testing.umd.js',
    '@angular/common/testing': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common-testing.umd.js',
    '@angular/compiler/testing': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler-testing.umd.js',
    '@angular/platform-browser/testing': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser-testing.umd.js',
    '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/testing': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic-testing.umd.js',
    '@angular/http/testing': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http-testing.umd.js',
    '@angular/router/testing': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router-testing.umd.js',
    
    'rxjs': 'npm:rxjs',
    'typescript': 'npm:typescript@2.2.1/lib/typescript.js'
  },
  //packages defines our app package
  packages: {
    app: {
      main: './main.ts',
      defaultExtension: 'ts'
    },
    rxjs: {
      defaultExtension: 'js'
    }
  }
});

//main entry point
import {platformBrowserDynamic} from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
import {AppModule} from './app';

platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule)

//our root app component
import {Component, NgModule, Inject, Input} from '@angular/core'
import {BrowserModule} from '@angular/platform-browser'
import {ReusableModule} from './reusable';
import {DogModule} from './dog';
import {CatModule} from './cat';


@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: `
    <div>
      <h2>Dependency Injection</h2>
      <h3>Scoped 'useValue' provider for polymorphism </h3>
      <p>This demo has these modules:</p>
      <ol>
        <li>AppModule - Wires up the application</li>
        <li>DogModule - Does Dog things</li>
        <li>CatModule - Does Cat things</li>
        <li>ReusableModule - Reusable components</li>
      </ol>
      <p>
        This is an extremely contrived example showing
        that 'useValue' providers don't work how I expect them to.
      </p>
      
      
      <h2>Actual Output</h2>
      <animal-name name="Not-an-animal"></animal-name>
      <dog name="Fido"></dog>
      <cat name="Felix"></cat>
      
      
      <h2>Expected Output</h2>
      <div><strong>Not-an-animal</strong>, the [Please override "animal"]</div>
      <div><strong>Fido</strong>, the dog</div>
      <div><strong>Felix</strong>, the cat</div>
    </div>
  `,
})
export class App {
}

@Component({
  selector: 'animal-name',
  template: `
      <strong>{{name}}</strong>, the {{animal}}
  `,
})
export class AnimalName {
  @Input() name: string;
  constructor(@Inject('animal') public animal: string) {
  }
}

@Component({
  selector: 'dog',
  providers: [{provide: 'animal', useValue: 'dog'}],
  template: `
    <div>
      <animal-name [name]="name"></animal-name>
    </div>
  `,
})
export class Dog {
  @Input() name: string;
}

@Component({
  selector: 'cat',
  providers: [{provide: 'animal', useValue: 'cat'}],
  template: `
    <div>
      <animal-name [name]="name"></animal-name>
    </div>
  `,
})
export class Cat {
  @Input() name: string;
}

@NgModule({
  imports: [ BrowserModule ],
  declarations: [ App, AnimalName, Dog, Cat ],
  bootstrap: [ App ],
  providers: [{provide: 'animal', useValue: '[Please override "animal"]'}]
})
export class AppModule {}